Christianity, with a history spanning over two millennia, has evolved into a mosaic of denominations and traditions. From Roman Catholics and Protestants in the West to Eastern Orthodox Christians and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, each branch enriches the faith with unique practices.
While united in commemorating Jesus’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem, Western, Eastern, and Ethiopian Christians observe Palm Sunday in distinct ways.
But should African Christians celebrate Palm Sunday differently from Ethiopia, the home of the world’s oldest Bible? Should African doctrines better reflect African spirituality and heritage?
Ethiopia, Christianity’s earliest strongholds, preserves profound spiritual heritage. Its traditions trace back to the 4th century and the ancient Ge’ez Bible, the oldest and most complete Christian scripture. This raises an important reflection: Are modern African churches aligned with their cultural and spiritual roots, or have Western interpretations overshadowed them?
Rivers carve paths but cannot erode resistant rocks. Similarly, foreign influences shape cultures but should not erase core traditions. Has Western influence diluted or enriched African Christianity?
Many Africans practicing Western Christianity face conflicts with church teachings when engaging in African traditions the Western doctrines condemn as evil. Practices like polygamy and dowry rituals are often deemed sinful. This tension highlights the challenge of reconciling Western ideologies with deeply rooted African values, prompting the question: Should the African Church redefine doctrines to resonate with its spiritual and cultural identity?
The rejection by the National Council of Churches of Kenya of Pope Francis and the Church of England’s permission of homosexual marriages serves as an awakening for African Christians. The clergy firmly rejected the blessing of same-sex unions, citing alignment with African cultural traditions and the Word of God. This stance underscores the importance of preserving African values within Christian doctrines and highlights the Ethiopian Orthodox Church as a model for integrating spirituality with cultural heritage.
The liturgical calendar offers another striking difference. Western Christianity, predominant in Europe, the Americas, and parts of Africa, follows the Gregorian calendar. Palm Sunday was celebrated on April 13. In contrast, Eastern Orthodox Christians and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church adhere to the Julian calendar, observing Palm Sunday on April 20.
Should African Christians follow Western or Ethiopian Christianity? Calendar differences also reflect deeper variances in focus and ritual. Western Christianity links Palm Sunday to Lent’s conclusion and the Passion narrative. Churches distribute palm branches (or substitutes like yew or willow), re-enact processions, and feature hymns and scripture readings.
Another divergence lies in the Western Church’s reverence for saints long dead, contrasting its criticism of African ancestor worship. This paradox leaves African Christians grappling with reconciling cultural respect for ancestors with their faith. Integrating African ancestral philosophies, similar to Ethiopian practices, could enrich the African Church’s spiritual authenticity.
African Christianity is uniquely vibrant, embracing dynamic worship styles, songs, dances, and doctrinal teachings. However, many elements echo Western ideologies instead of African philosophies. Concepts like community harmony and care for creation could reshape doctrines to align with African values.
Why should African churches celebrate Palm Sunday differently from Ethiopia, the only country that was never colonised, and the only nation preserving one of Christianity’s earliest expressions?
Could adopting Ethiopia’s calendar and philosophies deepen African churches’ spiritual connection and cultural identity, and honour ancient roots while cultivating a uniquely African expression of faith?
By adopting Ethiopia’s traditions, African churches could honour shared history and enrich their identity, presenting a uniquely African expression of faith. African Christians MUST preserve their African heritage.
By Gitau wa Kung’u