Learning disorders are common yet most teachers and parents are un aware of their impact on one’s life, work and academic journey.
In the old days of caning and corporal punishments in our schools, many a times we had it rough due to ineligible handwriting, inability to calculate and trouble reading comprehension, among other learning challenges.
These disorders are classified as Specific Learning Disorders, under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision of the Fifth edition (DSM-5-TR). Learning disorder are as a result of alteration in how one’s brain develops and processes information, and are influenced by a multiplicity of factors as opposed to a singular cause.
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Majority of the disorders are genetically inherited hence they tend to run in certain families. Others are due to certain conditions during pregnancy like nutritional deficiency, exposure to certain toxins, drugs and alcohol use. Birth related disorder like low birth weight, prematurity and insufficient oxygen to the brain immediately after birth have also been implicated.
Brain development and structural differences in areas involved in learning, memory and attention have been revealed during imaging studies in individuals with learning disorders. Others include environmental causes like exposure to mercury, lead and radiation during early brain development.
Some of the common learning disorders includes: Dyscalculia also known as math disorder presenting with poor math’s sense and inability to understand basic math’s skills like multiplication addition. One may also struggle with understanding time, measurements and even money.
The other common one is Dysgraphia also known as handwriting disorder with core presentation being poor handwriting, difficulty organizing thoughts into writing and difficulty with grammar and sentence structuring.
Dyslexia also known as reading disorder presents with difficulty in understanding written texts, poor spelling and writing, plus inability to read fluently. Some learners may struggle with Non-verbal learning disorder presenting with trouble understanding body language and facial expressions, difficulty with math puzzles and spatial reasoning as well as poor coordination or handwriting.
Auditory processing disorder presents with one appearing unable to listen or understand speech in noisy environments, trouble following spoken instructions, and difficulty distinguishing similar sounds.
Visual processing disorder is prevalent also presenting with difficulty interpreting visual information, skipped words or lines while reading and trouble copying and distinguishing shapes.
READ: Children with learning disorders are otherwise normal, experts affirm
Learning disorders diagnosis require a thorough evaluation by a Psychologist or an Educational specialist, and in as much there isn’t specific cure for the same, individuals with these disorders when diagnosed early, can be assisted using a raft of techniques, strategies and support to ensure one excels in academics, work and life.
Some of the available interventional techniques includes early identification and support which can prevent emotional and academic struggles. Individualized educational programs can design tailored programs which offer accommodations for learners via modified assignments and extra time on tests
Interventions like cognitive Behaviour therapies and executive function coaching helps alleviate stress, anxiety, low self-esteem, improved organization, time management and study habits.
Overall Specific conditions may require targeted therapies and even medication in some select cases.
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By Mugambi Mbaabu